As mentioned, mark a square line on the back with a sharpie. If you're very careful, you can draw it a uniform width and very close to the edge. This is the only way I know of to gain the feedback you need about squareness during grinding and sharpening. I'm an experienced and confident sharpener and I still do it.
A file should not work unless your tools have been softened. The file would be destroyed in short order. If the steel file were hard enough to sharpen hardened steel it would be too brittle. This is why people use diamond plates, ceramic wheels, and ceramic stones instead of hardened steel.
If you're strapped for dough, you might give serious consideration to a hand grinder. You can glance at the Krenov books ( can't remember which one ) where he demonstrates the hand-grinder approach in depth. Honing a hollow-ground blade by hand can be a lot quicker and easier than honing a flat bevel with a guide.