brushed, about 4, i spray doors and windows outside, on those it winds up being 7 or 8 sprayed coats. i use the same varnish i use as a top coat as the seal coat. if i'm brushing i'll use a clear shellac coat to start with, since shellac is easier to brush over itself than over a slick varnished surface (runny). after i have the color i want i buff it all with steel wool, tack it, and then brush the varnish on top. i highly recommend the waterlox as a top coat btw, it levels exceptionally well when brushed on, it's about the most fool proof finished i've ever used (which i need, i'm far from patient or skilled when it comes to finishing things ).