Summary of toxicology
- Effects on Animals: Trimethyl benzene is a skin irritant and also affects the lungs and central nervous system in experimental animals [ACGIH 1991]. The oral LD(50) in rats is 8,970 mg/kg [NIOSH 1991]. Instillation of trimethyl benzene into the lungs caused chemical pneumonitis at the site of contact [ACGIH 1991]. High concentrations of trimethyl benzene vapors cause central nervous system depression [ACGIH 1991]. During a 24-hour exposure to 2,400 ppm of the 1,3, 5-trimethyl benzene isomer, 4 of 16 rats died of respiratory arrest [ACGIH 1991]. Rats exposed to 1,700 ppm for four months had reduced body weight gain, central nervous system depression, and increasing lymphopenia and neutrophilia. The hematological effects were attributed to benzene contamination of the trimethyl benzene [ACGIH 1991].
- Effects on Humans: Workers exposed to a solvent containing 80 percent trimethyl benzenes complained of nervousness, tension, anxiety, and asthmatic bronchitis; in addition, the peripheral blood showed a tendency to hypochromic anemia and prolonged coagubility of blood; the peripheral blood effects were attributed to benzene contamination of the solvent [ACGIH 1991].
* Signs and symptoms of exposure
- Acute exposure: No signs or symptoms of acute exposure to trimethyl benzene have been reported in humans.
- Chronic exposure: Chronic exposure to trimethyl benzene has caused nervousness, tension, anxiety, asthmatic bronchitis and blood changes in humans.