As the new generation of bevel-up bench planes teaches us, it's the effective cutting angle, not the bedding angle, that matters when the blade is oriented bevel side up.
A bevel-down plane, on the other hand, is strictly limited by the bedding angle of the frog. The blade on a 45 deg smoother will always present at 45 deg relative to the wood, regardless of how it is beveled.
That being said, why is the common wisdom that a traditional plane iron should generally be beveled at 25-30 degrees? Why not 35-40 degrees? Wouldn't that make the cutting edge a bit more durable? So long as you bevel it a bit less than the 45 degree bedding angle to ensure relief, why would you want the bevel any sharper?
I used to think that a sharper bevel would make the blade cut better, but with these new bevel up smoothers and the steeply-pitched bevels, I'm beginning to wonder. I mean their function establishes the principle that it's the angle at which the leading edge meets the wood that matters, right?
Another way to look at it is: what does the wood care what is going on behind the leading edge of the blade? Besides reduced edge durability, what is a 30 deg bevel giving you that you can't get with a 35 deg bevel on a bevel down bench plane?
I'm sure I'm missing something here, just as I'm sure I'm thinking about this way too hard. Can anyone help me out?