For the 8" you will almost have to go with metal. It's hard enough to find the 6" PVC. Not even sure they make it in 8".
For the outside wall, the foam is a good idea, but look at the direct vent add in fire places that vent out the wall instead of up a chimney. They have caps that slide over the pipe and against the wall. These can be caulked to seal out rain. (Does it ever rain in California? ) My guess is that 8" will be a normal diameter for this.
And Reg, why didn't you shove that yellow beast up further and have the inlit pipe a staight shot into the cyclone? You could have had any size barrel under it you wanted, or used a y and split to 2 barrels if need be. There would be no problem with a long run of pipe from the cyclone to the barrel, and if you used the clear flex, you could tell by looking if you were over full! Jim.