I am reviving this thread as I am unsure about loose dowels. I have noticed that my dowels are a bit loose. Upon further investigation I have found that both Jessem and Dowelmax are using 9.7mm drills and guides on there jigs (Jessem has stopped this practice on there newest dowel jig). It seemed to me that this may not be so good since dowels are made for a 3/8" bit. Well I found the following post on the Canadian Woodworking site. It seem that this manufaturer of dowel pins seems to think that a 3/8 dowel in a 9.7mm hole if not a full strength joint. Does anyone know where to get 9.7mm dowel pins? I thought about using a 3/8" drill. But that would lead to inaccurate holes. Since the bushings are for a 9.7mm bit. It would also lead to not being able to use the alignment pin.
forum.canadianwoodworkin (dot) com/showthread.php?46205-Smaller-dowelmax-dowels
There has been no change in material, only to the tooling.
I have struggled for years to make the 3/8” pins closer to .375”, design problems with the tooling prevented this. To make the 3/8” to exact size the compression rollers would double roll the pins rolling the high points down, making the pins much smaller than .375”. I have recently re-engineered the tooling and am now able to make the 3/8” pins so that they will work better for my customers who use a 3/8” drill in jigs and automatic drills and inserters.
Most jigs and all industrial applications use a drill the same size as the pins used.
The 3/8” pins start out the same size they always did. The package says 3/8” I don’t believe that anyone should think that they would be suitable for any other size.
A normal dowel joint should be a friction fit, that is, if you can put the joint together by hand and more important, if you can take that joint apart by hand, the joint is much too loose. Dry fitting should be done with dowels that are smaller than standard to facilitate taking the joint apart. There should be no need to use excessive numbers of pins to keep a joint together. It is normal to use a dead blow hammer or clamp pressure to pull a joint together. I have a customer who tells me he has made over 30,000 chairs using my pins with most joints having 2 pins and has never had a joint failure, I met his largest customer at a trade show and he confirmed my customers claims.
It seems to me that somehow I have been made responsible for other peoples decisions and actions. I have never promoted or said that my 3/8” dowel pins should be used in anything other than a 3/8” hole, never in a 9.7 mm hole. A 9.7 mm drill is .3819” in diameter, this is not only larger than the dowels my pins are formed from, not enough of the compression will come out of the pins to come anywhere near to the diameter required to fill a 9.7 mm hole. There isn’t enough moisture available from the glue for the pin to regain its former size and not enough time, with the glue setting up much too quickly to allow much expansion. To make matters worse a drill will make a hole larger than itself, if it didn’t you wouldn’t be able to remove the drill from the hole.
The glue to wood bond comes on either side of the compressed grooves, the glue resides in the grooves not where the high points contact the wood and this is where some of the compression is released. Most glues shrink during curing and some if this is made up with the expanding wood. Other non-compressed multigroove dowel pins also expand when they take up some of the glue moisture, the problem comes when the joint and the pins dry out. The non-compressed pins shrink back to their former size and start to pull away from the glue. During the life of the joint during winter and summer cycling the non-compressed pins will become compressed by the hole getting smaller when the wood swells and when the wood dries out again in dryer weather the joint starts to loosen, continual cycling is the main culprit to joint failure. Straight grooves allow loose pins to pull straight out with little restriction.
The optimum glue to wood joint is .003” this will form on either side of the high points, no dowel pin is capable of having all of the surface area available with the required gap.
While I am not responsible for the situation users of jigs that use 9.7 mm drills have inherited, I do feel compelled to do what I can to make available a dowel pin that would suit a 9.7 mm hole.
This is why I have created the 9.7 mm pins, while the 3/8” pin size was used by woodworkers in a 9.7 mm hole, it was never large enough to give a proper bond. I have had a number of inquiries by concerned woodworkers even before I had changed the 3/8" tooling and thought that it wasn’t fair to these customers to have a jig designed for a 9.7 mm pin when none exists.
We currently have 9.7 mm pins in 1”, 1 1/2” and 2” lengths in quantities of 100 and some in 1,000.
The new sizes mentioned on the inserts refers to new lengths of existing diameters as well as new metric sizes and the 9.7 mm pins, not the small change in diameter of the 3/8” pins, which amounted to .002" to .003".
Some if the new drilling machines that look like biscuit joiners with 2 drills use metric drills, Imperial drills are not available in the sizes required to fit some of the new machines, this is why I have started manufacturing some Metric sizes.
The tolerances I work in are smaller than some of the metal working shops I know, keep in mind this is wood we are working in and it sometimes seems to have a mind of its own.
I hope this helps.